Ligaments and sprains
Ankle sprain
What is a sprain?
A sprain is a lesion on one or more ligaments without displacement of the joint (dislocation).
The lesion can vary between a simple elongation (mild sprain) to a total rupture (severe sprain), via tears in a few of the bundles (sprain of medium severity).
The ligaments link one bone to another to form a joint. They are composed of several bundles and are not very extensible.
When there is trauma (shock or a false movement), the joint can find itself in a position that goes beyond its natural amplitude, resulting in a painful lesion.
A mild sprain is also known as a "strain".
What is a ankle sprain?
An ankle sprain is a lesion to one or more of the ligaments of the ankle joint: external lateral ligament, internal lateral ligament, tibiofibular ligament (astragalus).
The most common form of ankle sprain affects the external lateral ligament. It can occur in a variety of sporting activities (basket ball, running) or simply from walking in ill-adapted shoes (high heels). The foot twists inwards whilst the leg remains in place. Full body weight bears down on the twisted ankle and the ligaments stretch beyond their natural limits. The result is a sprain.
Warning: an ankle sprain is sometimes associated with a fracture of the malleolus.
Orthopaedic treatment
Ankle supports and ankle stabilising splints have several therapeutic effects, ranging from decreasing pain (analgesia) to healing the ligament(s).
The ligaments are rested and are no longer subjected to the excessive mechanical constraints caused by walking or false movements.
Unlike ankle supports (which are manufactured from elasticated fabric), ankle stabilising splints are rigid and are used for the most serious ankle sprains.
As for ankle supports, they make the joint safe, increase vigilance and improve the sensations and performances of the muscles (only if there has been trauma).
It can also be recommended that a patient wear an ankle support as a preventive measure when returning to a sporting activity after trauma.
Orthopaedic management can fit into the framework of a medical treatment prescribed by your doctor. In case of doubt, ask your doctor or orthopaedist for advice.
